My work2 Essay

INTERACTION WITH surroundings The early cultures formed on plenteous river plains. These subverts faced challenges, such as seasonal worker flooding and a limited takeing atomic number 18a.Geography What rivers helped sustain the four river vale cultivations?POWER AND AUTHORITY Projects such as irrigation bodys required leadership and lawsthe havenings of nonionic government. In some societies, priests controlled the first governments. In differents, army leaders and kings ruled.Geography Look at the time line and the occasion. In which imperium and river valley area was the first law of laws developed?SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY archaeozoic civilizations developed bronze tools, the wheel, the sail, the plow, writing, and mathematics. These innovations sp empathize by means of trade, wars, and the movement of peoples.Geography Which river valley civilization was the most isolated? Whatfactors contributed to that isolation? meshing RESOURCES Interactive Maps Interactive Visuals Interactive primary feather Sources26Go to variantzone.com for Research connect Maps Internet Activities Test Practice capital Sources Current Events Chapter Quiz27 wherefore do communitiesneed laws?The craw has failed and, bid many others, you have little to eat. in that location are animals in the temple, but they are protected by law. Your cousin-german decides to slide one of the pigs to feed his family. You believe that laws should not be broken and try to twist him not to steal the pig. But he steals the pig and is caught.The law of the Babylonian pudding stoneHammurabis Codeholds people answerable for their actions. Someone who steals from the temple must avenge 30 time the cost of the stolen item. Because your cousin is unable to pay this fine, he is sentenced to death. You begin to wonder whether there are times when laws should be broken.1 The Babylonian normalHammurabi,accompanied by hisjudges, sentencesMummar to death.2 A scribe records theproceedin gs against Mummar.3 Mummar pleads for mercy. mental testing I N I NGtheISSU ES What should be the main target of laws to promote good behavior or to punish bad behavior? Do all communities need a system of laws to guide them?Hold a class debate on these questions. As you lift for the debate, think most what you have leaned about the changes that take place as civilizations grow and become more complex. As you read about the growth of civilization in this chapter, consider why societies developed systems of laws.28 Chapter 21City-States in Mesopotamia primary(prenominal) IDEAINTERACTION WITHENVIRONMENT The earliestcivilization in Asia arose inMesopotamia and organizedinto city-states.WHY IT MATTERS NOWThe development of thiscivilization reflects a settlementpattern that has occurredrepeatedly throughout history.TERMS & NAMES fat semilunar Mesopotamia city-state dynasty culturaldiffusion polytheism imperium HammurabiSETTING THE STAGE Two rivers prey from the mountains of what is nowTurkey, down through Syria and Iraq, and ultimately to the Persian disconnect. Over six kilobyte years ago, the waters of these rivers provided the lifeblood that allowed the formation of tillage settlements. These grew into villages and then cities.Geography of the copious CrescentTAKING NOTESA desert clime dominates the fieldscape between the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean Sea in southwesterly Asia. Yet within this dry kingdom lies an arc of land that provided some of the trump farming in Southwest Asia. The shares curved shape and the voluminousness of its land led scholars to call it the Fertile Crescent. It includes the lands facing the Mediterranean Sea and a plain that became known as Mesopotamia (MEHSuhpuhTAYmeeuh). The password in Greek means land between the rivers.The rivers framing Mesopotamia are the Tigris (TYgrihs) and Euphrates (yoo ragteez). They flow southeastward to the Persian Gulf. (See the map on page 30.) The Tigris and Euphrates rivers flo oded Mesopotamia at least once a year. As the floodwater receded, it left a thick bottomland of mud called silt. Farmers planted grain in this rich, new soil and irrigated the fields with river water. The results were swelled quantities of wheat and barley at harvest time. The surpluses from their harvests allowed villages to grow.Identifying Problemsand Solutions Use achart to see Sumersenvironmental problemsand their solutions.ProblemsSolutionsEnvironmental Challenges deal first began to settle and farm the flat, torpid lands in southern Mesopotamia before 4500 B.C. approximately 3300 B.C., the people called the Sumerians, whom you read about in Chapter 1, arrived on the scene. Good soil was the proceeds that attracted these settlers. However, there were three disadvantages to their new environment. atypical flooding combined with a degree of little or no rain. The land sometimes became almost a desert. With no natural barriers for protection, a Sumerian village was nearl y defenseless. The natural resources of Sumer were limited. Building materials and other necessary items were scarce.Early River Valley Civilizations 29